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Reference · Chapter 13

Every term, formula, and entry

0 of 20 terms in your words

Terms

C1 Financial statement analysis
Evaluating the relevance, safety, and profitability of a business using its financial statements.
C1 General-purpose financial statements
Statements distributed to a wide range of external users, not tailored to one reader.
C1 Building blocks of analysis
The four aims of statement analysis: liquidity and efficiency, solvency, profitability, and market prospects.
A1 Liquidity and efficiency
A company's ability to meet short-term obligations and to use its assets productively.
A2 Solvency
A company's ability to meet long-term obligations and survive over a long period.
A3 Profitability
The ability to earn a satisfactory income.
A4 Market prospects
A company's prospects as seen through the price and returns of its stock.
C1 Standards for comparison
A benchmark for judging a ratio: the company's own past (intracompany), a competitor, or an industry guideline.
P1 Horizontal analysis
Comparing a company's financial condition and performance across two or more periods.
P1 Comparative financial statements
Statements showing two or more periods side by side, the basis for horizontal analysis.
P1 Trend analysis
Horizontal analysis extended across several periods, expressed as an index against a base period.
P1 Vertical analysis
Comparing each line of a single period's statement to a base amount within that same statement.
P1 Common-size financial statements
Statements where every amount is expressed as a percent of a base — net sales for the income statement, total assets for the balance sheet.
A1 Ratio analysis
Expressing the mathematical relation between two financial statement amounts.
A1 Working capital
Current assets minus current liabilities.
A2 Equity ratio
Total equity divided by total assets, showing how much of the assets owners financed.
A2 Financial leverage
Financing assets with liabilities in addition to equity, magnifying both gains and losses to owners.
C1 Analysis report
A written report communicating the results of a financial statement analysis.
C1 Discontinued segments
[book?] — check this edition’s exact terminology. Operations a company has sold or is ending, reported separately from continuing operations.
C1 Other comprehensive income
[book?] — check this edition’s exact terminology. Certain gains and losses excluded from net income but included in total equity.

Formulas

P1Dollar change = Analysis period − Base period$600,000 − $500,000 = $100,000
P1Percent change = Dollar change ÷ Base period × 100$100,000 ÷ $500,000 × 100 = 20%
P1Common-size percent = Analysis amount ÷ Base amount × 100$360,000 ÷ $600,000 × 100 = 60%
A1Working capital = Current assets − Current liabilities$220,000 − $110,000 = $110,000
A1Current ratio = Current assets ÷ Current liabilities$220,000 ÷ $110,000 = 2
A1Acid-test ratio = (Cash + Short-term investments + Current receivables) ÷ Current liabilities$120,000 ÷ $110,000 = 1.09
A1Accounts receivable turnover = Net sales ÷ Average accounts receivable$600,000 ÷ $60,000 = 10
A1Inventory turnover = Cost of goods sold ÷ Average inventory$360,000 ÷ $80,000 = 4.5
A2Debt ratio = Total liabilities ÷ Total assets$250,000 ÷ $600,000 = 41.7%
A2Times interest earned = Income before interest and taxes ÷ Interest expense$90,000 ÷ $10,000 = 9
A3Profit margin = Net income ÷ Net sales$60,000 ÷ $600,000 = 10%
A3Return on total assets = Profit margin × Total asset turnover10% × 1.09 = 10.9%
A4Earnings per share = Net income ÷ Weighted-average common shares$60,000 ÷ 20,000 = $3
A4Price-earnings ratio = Market price per share ÷ Earnings per share$45 ÷ $3 = 15
A4Dividend yield = Annual cash dividends per share ÷ Market price per share$0.50 ÷ $45 = 1.1%